Himeji Castle vs Matsumoto Castle: Which National Treasure Should You Visit?

Himeji Castle vs Matsumoto Castle – Comparing Japan’s National Treasure Castles

Himeji Castle and Matsumoto Castle: Comparing Two of Japan’s National Treasures

Himeji Castle vs Matsumoto Castle: Comparing Two of Japan’s National Treasures

Japan has many beautiful castles. But only five are designated as National Treasures.
A National Treasure is a building or artwork that has the highest cultural value in Japan.
It also means preservation is especially important.

Among them, Himeji Castle and Matsumoto Castle stand out. Both are full of history and charm.
And you can still explore their keeps inside, which remain in their original form.

Himeji Castle is called the “White Heron Castle(白鷺城・しらさぎじょう)” because of its bright white and graceful appearance.

Matsumoto Castle is known as the “Black Crow Castle(烏城・からすじょう).” Its dark, heavy look reflects the spirit of the Sengoku period.

Interestingly, Himeji City and Matsumoto City are sister cities.
So, let’s compare these two National Treasure castles and think about which one you would like to visit.

The Charm of Himeji Castle

Himeji Castle, also known as the White Heron Castle, a UNESCO World Heritage and National Treasure in Japan

Basic Information

Himeji Castle is called the “ShirasagijōWhite Heron Castle)(白鷺城・しらさぎじょう)” because of its bright and elegant appearance.
It is a National Treasure and also a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site.
From Narita Airport, you can reach it in about 3.5 to 4 hours by bullet train and local trains.

History

The first fort was built in 1333. Later, in 1609, Ikeda Terumasa(池田輝政・いけだてるまさ) completed the current main keep.
During the Edo period, large renovations continued.
And today, the castle still preserves its original form almost entirely.

Architectural Features

The main keep has five levels and seven floors inside.
Its roof shows graceful curves with detailed decorations.
The walls are covered with white plaster. This gives beauty, but also works as fire protection and a barrier against enemies.
Inside the castle, you will find maze-like passages and complex gates. These were designed as clever defensive strategies.

The Charm of Matsumoto Castle

Matsumoto Castle, also known as the Crow Castle, a National Treasure of Japan with a striking black exterior

Basic Information

Matsumoto Castle is known as the “KarasujōBlack Crow Castle)” (烏城・からすじょう)” because of its dark and powerful look.
It is a National Treasure that strongly preserves the atmosphere of the Sengoku period.
From Narita Airport, you can reach it in about 3.5 to 4 hours by express train Azusa or local trains.

History

The construction of Matsumoto Castle began in 1504.
In 1593, Ishikawa Kazumasa (石川数正・いしかわかずまさ) completed the large main keep.
During the Edo period, the castle was maintained and renovated.
It escaped both wars and natural disasters, so its original form is still preserved today.

Architectural Features

The main keep has six levels and six floors inside, including one basement floor.
The black plastered walls create a strong and heavy impression.
Its roof has modest but detailed decorations. Inside, narrow passages and complex gates reflect defensive needs from the Sengoku period.
From the top, you can enjoy views of Matsumoto City and the Northern Alps mountains.
The seasonal scenery blends beautifully with the castle’s atmosphere.

Comparison of Himeji Castle and Matsumoto Castle

Both Himeji Castle and Matsumoto Castle are National Treasures. But they look very different.
And their history also shows unique stories. So, let’s compare them side by side.

ItemHimeji Castle (姫路城, Shirasagijō)Matsumoto Castle (松本城, Karasujō)
NicknameShirasagijō(White Heron Castle)Karasujō(Crow Castle)
National TreasureYesYes
UNESCO World HeritageYesNo
Construction Began13331504
Main Keep Completed1609 (by Ikeda Terumasa 池田輝政)593 (by Ishikawa Kazumasa 石川数正)
Structure5 stories, 7 floors6 stories, 6 floors (including basement)
Exterior ColorWhite, elegantBlack, imposing
Architectural FeaturesGraceful design, complex defense layoutHeavy style, retains Sengoku atmosphere
Access from Narita AirportAbout 3.5–4 hrs (by Shinkansen)About 3.5–4 hrs (by Limited Express Azusa)
SurroundingsContrasts beautifully with castle townHarmonizes with city and mountains, seasonal views
Sister CityMatsumoto City (松本市)Himeji City (姫路市)

Conclusion

Himeji Castle and Matsumoto Castle are both National Treasures of Japan.
But each has its own unique charm.

Himeji Castle is famous for its bright white keep.
And it creates a beautiful contrast with the castle town.
It feels elegant and graceful.

Matsumoto Castle is striking with its black walls.
And it keeps the strong atmosphere of the Sengoku period.
It feels heavy and powerful.

So, when you compare their history and architecture, both castles become essential for learning about Japanese culture.
Which castle would you like to visit first?

Japanese of the Day / 今日の日本語

  • Word天守 (Tenshu) – main keep / donjon
  • Meaning:The central tower of a Japanese castle.
         It is usually the tallest building and was used for defense, storage, and as a symbol of the lord’s power.
  • Example:姫路城の天守は白くて美しいです。(Himeji-jō no tenshu wa shirokute utsukushii desu.)
         The main keep of Himeji Castle is white and beautiful.
  • Fun Fact:The main keep was not only used for defense but also for ceremonies and as a lookout to spot enemies from afar.

◆ Would you like to talk about Japanese culture? ◆
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Learn more about Matsumoto Castle (松本城) here: [Matsumoto Castle(松本城): A National Treasure with Timeless Beauty]

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姫路城と松本城:二つの国宝のお城を比べてみよう

日本には美しい城がたくさんありますが、国宝に指定された城はわずか5つしかありません
国宝とは、日本の文化財の中でも特に価値が高く、保存が重要とされる建物や美術品に与えられる指定です。

そのうちの2つ、姫路城松本城は、どちらも歴史と魅力にあふれています。
そして、この二つのお城は、天守の内部も当時の姿のまま見学することができます。

  • 姫路城は、真っ白で優雅な外観から「白鷺城」と呼ばれます。
  • 松本城は、黒く重厚な姿から「烏城」と呼ばれ、戦国時代の雰囲気を今に伝えています。

さらに面白いことに、姫路市松本市姉妹都市です。
今回は、この二つの国宝の名城を比べて、どちらに行きたいか考えてみましょう。

姫路城の魅力

基本情報

姫路城は、白く美しい外観から「白鷺城(しらさぎじょう)」と呼ばれています。
国宝であり、世界文化遺産にも登録された、日本を代表する城です。
成田空港からは、新幹線や電車を利用して約3.5〜4時間でアクセス可能です。

歴史

1333年に最初の築城が始まり、1609年池田輝政が現在の天守を完成させました。
その後も江戸時代を通じて大規模な改修が行われ、今も当時の姿をほぼそのまま残しています。

建築の特徴

城の天守は5層7階建てで、屋根には優雅な曲線と装飾が施されています
壁には白漆喰が使われており、美しさだけでなく防火性や敵の侵入を防ぐ効果もあります。
城内には迷路のような通路や複雑な門の配置があり、防御戦略として巧妙に設計されています。

松本城の魅力

基本情報

松本城は、黒く重厚な外観から「烏城(からすじょう)」と呼ばれています。
国宝に指定されている、戦国時代の雰囲気を色濃く残す城です。
成田空港からは、特急あずさや電車を利用して約3.5〜4時間でアクセス可能です。

歴史

松本城の築城は1504年に始まり、1593年石川数正によって大規模な天守が完成しました。
江戸時代には城の保存や改修が行われ、戦火や天災を免れたことで、現在も当時の姿をほぼそのまま残しています。

建築の特徴

城の天守は6層6階建て(地下一階含む)で、黒漆喰の壁が重厚感を演出しています
屋根には控えめながらも精巧な装飾が施され、内部は戦国時代の防御を意識した狭く複雑な通路や門の配置になっています。
また、天守からは松本市街や北アルプス山脈を楽しむことができ、四季折々の風景と城の雰囲気が調和します。

姫路城と松本城の比較

比較項目姫路城松本城
基本情報白鷺城烏城(からすじょう)
国宝指定
世界文化遺産×
築城開始1333年1504年
天守完成1609年(池田輝政)1593年(石川数正)
天守の層数5層7階6層6階(地下1階含む
外観の色白く華やか黒く重厚
建築の特徴優雅で防御設計も巧妙重厚で戦国時代の雰囲気
成田空港からの所要時間約3.5〜4時間(新幹線)約3.5〜4時間(特急あずさ)
周辺の景観城下町との美しいコントラスト市街や山々と調和、四季折々の景観
姉妹都市関係松本市姫路市

まとめ

姫路城と松本城は、どちらも日本を代表する国宝のお城です。

  • 姫路城は、白く華やかで優雅な天守と城下町との美しいコントラストが魅力です。
  • 松本城は、黒く重厚で戦国時代の雰囲気を感じられる建築が特徴です。

歴史や建築の違いを比べると、どちらも日本文化や城の魅力を知る上で欠かせない存在です。
あなたは、どちらのお城に行ってみたいですか?

松本城(Matsumoto Castle)について詳しくはこちら: [Matsumoto Castle(松本城): A National Treasure with Timeless Beauty]

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