
Discover the Winter Solstice (冬至) – Seasonal Customs and Foods
What Is the Winter Solstice (冬至 tōji)?
冬至 (tōji:The winter solstice ) is the day when daylight is the shortest in the entire year.
On the 暦(koyomi:calendar) this year, it falls on December 22.
The sun stays low in the sky, the morning light arrives late, and the evening becomes dark early.
As a result, it is a time when you can clearly feel the change of seasons.
In Japan, people have long considered this day an important turning point.
The short daylight hours were linked to cold weather and a sense of uncertainty.
Therefore, many people offered prayers and wishes on this day.
What Is 暦 (koyomi)?
暦 (koyomi) is a system for counting, recording, and predicting the flow of time.
In simple terms, it works like what we think of as a modern calendar. Yet it had wider uses in everyday life.
In the past, people used the 暦 (koyomi) to decide the timing of fieldwork.
They also relied on it to plan annual events, religious rituals, and seasonal festivals.
Because of these roles, the 暦 (koyomi) was an essential guide for both daily life and the changing seasons.
Tōji(冬至) and Ichiyō Raifuku(一陽来復)
冬至 (tōji:The winter solstice) is considered the day when the power of 陰(in:yīn) reaches its strongest point.
And after this day, people believed the sun’s energy would slowly return.
This shift is expressed by the phrase 一陽来復(Ichiyō Raifuku).
It means that a period of bad luck ends, and things begin to move in a better direction.
In other words, positive yang energy starts to rise again after Tōji.
Even today, some Shinto shrines offer special Ichiyō Raifuku amulets.
However, the days when you can receive them are limited, and the way they are placed or honored is unique to each shrine.
What Are Yin and Yang?
陰(in:yīn) and 陽(yō:yáng) are commonly paired together.
They express the idea that “when there is light, there is also shadow.”
陽(yō:yáng) represents light, and 陰(in:yīn) represents shadow.
In Japan, it is said that two opposing forces create a complete world only when they stay in balance.
This concept of yin and yang differs from Western ideas such as duality or “light and darkness.”
Even so, they may appear similar at first glance.
The Tradition of Yuzu Bath
In Japan, there is a tradition of taking a yuzu bath, ゆず湯(yuzu-yu), on the day of 冬至 (tōji:The winter solstice)
People place whole ゆず(yuzu:yuzu fruits) in hot water and enjoy their fragrance while warming their bodies.
Yuzu has a calming effect, and it is perfect for the cold season.
This custom carries the wish, “May you stay healthy through the winter.”
It also became popular because warming the body and improving circulation were believed to help prevent colds.
And people once believed that the strong scent of yuzu could ward off evil spirits, which helped the practice spread.
Foods of the Winter Solstice
Kabocha
かぼちゃ(Kabocha:pumpkin) is the best-known food for the winter solstice in Japan.
It keeps well for a long time, so people have relied on it as a winter ingredient.
People also say, “If you eat kabocha on the winter solstice, you won’t catch a cold.”
This idea comes from its rich nutrients.
It is considered good for supporting your health.
Azuki-Gayu
In some regions, people also eat 小豆粥(azuki-gayu:azuki bean rice porridge).
The red color of azuki beans is believed to ward off evil spirits.
Local dishes such as いとこ煮(itokoni) are also enjoyed on this day.
Itokoni is made with pumpkin and azuki beans.
It is one of the foods traditionally enjoyed on the winter solstice.
All of these foods carry the wish to stay healthy and make it through the winter safely.
Summary
The winter solstice is the day with the shortest daylight of the year.
After this day, the amount of sunlight slowly increases, and the strength of the sun begins to return.
As the idea of 一陽来復(いちようらいふく:ichiyō-raifuku) suggests.
The winter solstice is a day when new light is born in the midst of darkness.
Yuzu bath ゆず湯(yuzu-yu) and foods for the winter solstice all carry wishes for health and safety.
These traditions have been passed down quietly from ancient times.
There are also ideas, such as 陰陽(in-yō:yin-yang).
These concepts show how Japanese and Western ways of thinking differ.
By understanding these subtle differences. Learning Japanese becomes even more enjoyable.
If you want to learn more about other Japanese year-end traditions: Learn About 大掃除 (Osouji) – Japanese Year-End Cleaning and Culture
Japanese of the Day / 今日の日本語
- Word:ゆず(yuzu) – Japanese citrus fruit
- Meaning:A fragrant Japanese citrus often used in baths and cooking.
- Example:冬至にはゆず湯に入ります。(Tōji ni wa yuzu-yu ni hairimasu.)
(It is common to take a yuzu bath on the winter solstice.) - Fun Fact:Yuzu is a citrus fruit with a bright aroma and sharp acidity.
In Japan, “Yuzu” is also the name of a famous two-member singer duo.
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冬至とは何の日か
冬至(とうじ)は、一年のうちで昼が最も短くなる日です。今年は暦(こよみ)の上では12月22日です。
太陽の位置が低くなり、朝は明るくなるのが遅く、夕方は早く暗くなります。そして、季節の変化をはっきりと感じる時期です。
日本では、昔からこの日を特別な節目として大切にしてきました。
日照時間の短さは寒さや不安と結びつき、祈りや願いをこめる理由にもなったようです。
暦とは?
暦(こよみ)とは、時間の流れを数え、記録し、予測するための仕組みです。簡単にいうとカレンダーです。
そして、農作業、年中行事を知るためにも使われていました。
昔の人々は、暦を使って田畑の作業時期を決め、神事や祭りの準備を行っていました。
冬至と一陽来復
冬至は「陰(いん)」の力が最も強まる日とされ、そのあとに太陽の力が戻り始めると考えられてきました。
この変化を「一陽来復(いちようらいふく)」という言葉で表します。
それは、悪い流れが終わり、良い方向へ向かうという意味をもちます。
冬至を境に再び陽の気が戻り始めるということです。
今でも、一陽来復のお守りを授ける神社があります。
そこは、御守を授与していただく日も限られていて、まつる方法も独特です。
陰陽とは?
陰(いん)と陽(よう)とセットで使われることが多いです。「光があれば影もある」という考え方です。
陽は光、陰は影です。
日本では「相反する二つがバランスを取り合って初めて世界は完全になる」と考えます。
西洋でいう二元論(duality)」や「光と闇(light and darkness)」とは少し意味合いが違います。
ゆず湯の習慣
冬至には、ゆず湯に入る習慣があります。湯にゆずを浮かべ、香りを楽しみながら体を温めます。
ゆずには気分を落ち着かせる効果があり、寒い季節にぴったりです。
この風習には、「冬を元気に過ごせますように」という願いが込められています。
体が温まり血行がよくなることから、風邪予防の意味も大きかったようです。
ゆずの香りが邪気を払うと信じられていたことも、広まった理由のひとつです。
冬至の食べ物
冬至の食べ物といえば、かぼちゃがよく知られています。
かぼちゃは長く保存できます。
「冬至にかぼちゃを食べると風邪をひかない」というのは、栄養豊富で予防に効果的だからです。
地域によっては、小豆粥(あずきがゆ)を食べる習慣もあります。
小豆の赤い色には邪気を払う意味があるとされてきました。
そしていとこ煮(かぼちゃと小豆)など、地域ならではの冬至料理も見られます。
どれも、冬を無事に乗り切りたいという思いが込められています。
まとめ
冬至は、一年で最も昼が短くなる節目です。この日を境に日照時間がゆっくりと伸び、太陽の力が戻っていきます。
それは「一陽来復」が示すように、冬至は暗さの中に新しい光が生まれる日でもあります。
ゆず湯や冬至の食べ物には、健康や無事を願う気持ちが込められています。
古くから続く冬の行事は、今も静かに受け継がれています。
「陰陽」のように日本での考え方と、西洋の考え方が違う言葉があります。
そのようなニュアンスの違いを知ることで、より日本語が楽しくなるでしょう。
もっと年末の行事について知りたい方は:Learn About 大掃除 (Osouji) – Japanese Year-End Cleaning and Culture をご覧ください。





